Future with 'Going to' The future with 'going to' is used to speak about future intentions or plans made before the present moment. Examples: We are going to study Russian next semester. Where are you going to stay in New York? She isn't going to take a vacation this year. The future with 'going to' is used to express events you have already planned in the future and your intentions for the future. We sometimes also use the present continuous for planned events in the near future. Examples: She's going to attend university and study to become a doctor. We're going to make the presentation next week. Future with Going to Structure Positive Subject + to be + going to + verb I am going to attend the meeting. He, She is going to attend the meeting. You, We, They are going to attend the meeting. Negative Subject + to be + not + going to + verb I'm not going to visit Rome next year. He, She isn't going to visit Rom

Future Future with 'Will' the future with 'will' is used to make a future prediction or express a decision about the future made at the moment. Examples: It will be sunny tomorrow. I think the government will help the poor. I'm hungry. I'll buy something to eat. The future with 'will' is used to make future predictions and promises. Often the precise moment the action will occur is unknown or not defined. This tense is often used with the following time expressions: soon next month / year / week Basic Construction Positive Subject + will + verb + object(s) + time Expression The government will increase taxes soon. Negative Subject + will not (won't) + verb + object(s) + time Expression She won't help us much with the project. Question (Question Word) + will + subject + verb + object(s) + time Expression Why will they reduce taxes?

Present Perfect Continuous The present perfect continuous is used to express how long a current activity has been going on. It is often used in context to provide a reason for a present result. Remember that continuous forms can only be used with action verbs.  This tense is often used with the following time expressions: since + specific point in time for + amount of time Basic Construction Positive Subject + has / have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time expression Example He's been cleaning house for two hours. Negative Subject + has / have not (hasn't / haven't) + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time expression Example Janice hasn't been studying for too long. Question (Question Word) + has / have + subject + been + verb + ing + object(s) + (time expression) Example How long have you been working in the garden?

English grammar | Present Perfect The present perfect is used to say what has happened recently and has an effect on the present moment. We often use 'just', 'yet' and 'already' to express the relationship to the present moment. Examples Have you seen Mary yet? They've already had dinner. She's just been to the dentist's. The present perfect is also used to express something which has happened up to the present moment of time. Examples Have you worked here for a long time? Peter's lived here since 1987. She hasn't had much fun this week. Positive Form Subject + have + past participle + object(s) Examples Peter's lived here since 1987. We've been very busy today. Negative Form Subject + have + not + past participle + object(s) Examples I haven't been to class very often this month. She hasn't had much fun this week. Question Form (Wh?) + have + subject + past participle? Examples

Past Perfect Simple They had lived in New York for 3 years before they moved to Seattle. (up to the time they moved to Seattle) Past Perfect Continuous She had been studying for 4 hours when he arrived. (The four hours directly before he arrived) Now, let's take a look at the specific differences between the two forms: Past Perfect Simple is used to express finished activity before a specific point of time in the past. Example: He had already eaten when his wife came home. Past Perfect Continuous is used to express continuous/progressive activity up to a specific point of time in the past. Example: They had been waiting for 2 hours before their friends finally arrived.

Past Perfect Continuous Listed below are uses with examples, and the structure of the past perfect continuous tense. Something that had been happening before something else took place I had been working for three hours when you arrived. Susan had been thinking about the idea for a while when Bob made the suggestion.   Something that had been happening over a period of time in the past up until another point in the of past I had been playing tennis for two hours when I sprained my ankle. Jack had been studying for two years when he was drafted into the army.   Something that had been happening in preparation for something else I had been practicing for three days and was ready for the concert. Tom had been studying hard and felt good about the test he was about to take.   In the third conditional to express imagined conditions If I had been working on that project, we would have been successful. She would have been ready for the test if she had been prep

Past Perfect There are two past tenses used to describe things that happen before another point in time in the past. Use the past perfect to talk about an event which had happened at some point in time before something took place. Tom had interviewed five times before he got his first job. She had already eaten by the time they arrived. Past Perfect Structure Positive Subject + had + past participle I, You, He, She, We, They had finished before I arrived. Negative Subject + had + not (hadn't) + past participle I, You, He, She, We, They hadn't eaten before he finished the job. Questions Question word + had + subject + past participle What - had he, she, you, we, they thought before I asked the question? Past Perfect Listed below are uses with examples, and the structure of the past perfect tense. Something that had happened before something else took place I had eaten lunch before they arrived. Susan had already finished the pro

Past Continuous Listed below are uses with examples, and the structure of the past continuous tense. Something happening at a specific point of time in the past I was watching TV at 9 o'clock last night. They were working on the report at six. Something that was happening during a period of time in the past We were studying during the recess. Peter was sleeping during class. Something that was happening when something important took place She was speaking on the phone when he arrived. When he won the game, I was cooking. Something that was happening while something else was happening She was working on her homework while I was preparing dinner. They were finishing the project while we were putting together the proposal. Common time expressions used with the past continuous: at six, nine o'clock, etc. during, while, when Structure   Positive Subject + conjugate the helping verb "be" + verb + -ing. I was, You were

Past Simple Use the past simple to talk about activities or routines which take place at a specified time in the past. Notice that all subjects take the same conjugation of the verb. Regular verbs end in '-ed'. visit - visited enjoy - enjoyed Irregular verbs have various forms and each verb needs to be learned. see - saw think - thought The past simple is used to express a finished past action which occurs at a specific moment in the past. Examples She visited Iran last month. They didn't go to Tom's party last weekend. Where did you go on vacation last summer? The following time signifiers often indicate a specific point in time. last ago in ... (plus a year or month) yesterday when ... (plus a phrase) Examples They had lunch at home last week. He left the company many years ago. Susan bought a new car in May. He telephoned his friend in Rome yesterday. I played golf when I was a teenager. Positive Form Subject + past

Present Simple Here are some typical uses and examples showing how we form the present simple tense in English grammar. Present Simple for permanent or long-lasting situations The IELTS exam has four different sections. Over 1.5 million people take the IELTS exam every year. IELTS is administered by the British Council, IDP Australia and Cambridge University. Present Simple for regular habits and daily routines IELTS exams are usually on Saturdays, in the morning. She studies for her IELTS exam every evening after work. When are the IELTS test results available? Present Simple for facts You need IELTS to study at a University in the UK. What does 'Band 9' mean in IELTS? There isn't any extra time to transfer answers at the end of the IELTS Reading exam. Present Simple for feelings I hate having to prepare for IELTS. She loves learning new expressions she can use in her IELTS writing. Why are you worried? I don't want to fail my IELTS exam! Present Sim